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In character-based languages such as Chinese and Japanese, numbers are assigned syllables based on the shortened form of the pronunciation of the number, sometimes the English pronunciation of the number. Especially in western countries some of these services attract more and more users.
Upload pictures, send messages write diary entries and give someone a wink in your area and you may just find that spark that ignites the perfect relationship. A massive texting campaign was credited with boosting youth turnout in Spain's 2004 parliamentary elections. There are third-party applications available for some mobile phones that allow Morse input for short messages.
100% Free Sex Dating - While being legally drunk added four feet to Alterman's stopping distance while going 70 mph, reading an e-mail on a phone added 36 feet, and sending a text message added 70 feet. A 2008 survey by The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy and CosmoGirl.
A text message as it appears on the display screen of an before. Text messages may be sent over a , or may also be sent via an connection. It has grown beyond alphanumeric text to include multimedia messages known as containing digital images, videos, and sound content, as well as ideograms known as , sad faces, and other icons. As of 2017, text messages are used by youth and adults for personal, family and social purposes and in business. Governmental and non-governmental organizations use text messaging for communication between colleagues. As with , in the 2010s, the sending of short informal messages has become an accepted part of many cultures. This makes texting a quick and easy way to communicate with friends and colleagues, including in contexts where a would be impolite or inappropriate e. Like e-mail and , and unlike in which the caller hopes to speak directly with the recipient , texting does not require the caller and recipient to both be free at the same moment; this permits communication even between busy individuals. Text messages can also be used to interact with automated systems, for example, to order products or services from websites, or to participate in online contests. The systems, developed in the early 19th century, used simple electrical signals to send text messages. In the late 19th century, the was developed using. The University of Hawaii began using radio to send digital information as early as 1971, using. Sitting at a typewriter at home, Hillebrand typed out random sentences and counted every letter, number, punctuation, and space. Almost every time, the messages contained fewer than 160 characters, thus giving the basis for the limit one could type via text messaging. With of , he developed a proposal for the Groupe Spécial Mobile meeting in February 1985 in Oslo. It was further developed under the of Kevin Holley and Ian Harris see. Sprint Telecommunications Venture, a partnership of Sprint Corp. Vice President in Washington, D. As of 2007 text messaging was the most widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile phone users worldwide, or 2. Texting is also used to communicate very brief messages, such as informing someone that you will be late or reminding a friend or colleague about a meeting. As with e-mail, informality and brevity have become an accepted part of text messaging. It is widely used in systems. A is a type of text message that appears directly on the main screen without user interaction and is not automatically stored in the inbox. It can be useful in cases such as an emergency e. Short message services are developing very rapidly throughout the world. Popularity has grown to a sufficient extent that the term texting used as a meaning the act of mobile phone users sending short messages back and forth has entered the common lexicon. Fifty percent of American teens send fifty text messages or more per day, making it their most frequent form of communication. It is a very influential and powerful tool in the Philippines, where the average user sends 10—12 text messages a day. Texting became popular in the Philippines in 1998. In 2001, text messaging played an important role in deposing former Philippine president. Short messages are particularly popular among young urbanites. In many markets, the service is comparatively cheap. For example, in Australia, a message typically costs between 0. The service is enormously profitable to the service providers. Text messaging has become so popular that advertising agencies and advertisers are now jumping into the text messaging business. Services that provide bulk text message sending are also becoming a popular way for clubs, associations, and advertisers to reach a group of opt-in subscribers quickly. Main article: Of many texting trends, a system known as microblogging has surfaced, which consists of a miniaturized blog, inspired mainly by people's tendency to jot down informal thoughts and post them online. As of 2016, both of these websites were popular. Emergency services In some countries, text messages can be used to contact emergency services. This service is primarily aimed at people who, by reason of disability, are unable to make a voice call. It has recently been promoted as a means for walkers and climbers to call emergency services from areas where a voice call is not possible due to low signal strength. Since the location of a handset is known, systems can alert everyone in an area that the events has made impossible to pass through e. A recent study by Sims and colleagues 2012 examined the outcomes of 24,709 outpatient appointments scheduled in mental health services in South-East London. There are two types of short codes: dialing and messaging. Many operate text-in services on shortcodes or mobile number ranges, whereas others use lower-cost geographic text-in numbers. Premium content This section does not any. Unsourced material may be challenged and. Recently, premium messaging companies have come under fire from consumer groups due to a large number of consumers racking up huge phone bills. A new type of free-premium or hybrid-premium content has emerged with the launch of text-service websites. Long numbers are internationally available, as well as enabling businesses to have their own number, rather than short codes, which are usually shared across a lot of brands. Additionally, Long numbers are non-premium inbound numbers. In workplaces The use of text messaging for workplace purposes has grown significantly during the mid-2000s decade. Several universities have implemented a system of texting students and faculties campus alerts. As text messaging has proliferated in business, so too have regulations governing its use. One regulation specifically governing the use of text messaging in financial-services firms engaged in stocks, equities, and securities trading is Regulatory Notice 07-59, Supervision of Electronic Communications, December 2007, issued to member firms by the. Industry has had to develop new technology to allow companies to archive their employees' text messages. Typical business-to-business applications are and , in which two applications automatically communicate with each other. Incident alerts are also common, and staff communications are also another use for B2B scenarios. Mobile interaction can also be used for consumer-to-business interactions, such as media voting and competitions, and for consumer-to-consumer interaction, for example, with mobile social networking, chatting and dating. Text messaging is widely used on business settings; as well, it is used in a number of and workplaces. And Canadian civil service both adopted smartphones in the 2000s. Group texts Group texts involve more than two users. In some cases, when one or more person on the group text is offline, in airplane mode, or has their device shut down, a text being sent to the group may reveal an error message that the text did not go through. Users should rest assured, that all online or available users on the group received the message and that re-sending the message will only result in some participants receiving the message multiple times. In 2003, an average of 16 billion messages were sent each month. Users in Spain sent a little more than fifty messages per month on average in 2003. In the United Kingdom, text messages are charged between £0. France has the same technology as other European countries, so the uptake is not hampered by technical restrictions. In the Republic of Ireland, 1. In the United Kingdom over 1 billion text messages are sent every week. Finland This section does not any. Unsourced material may be challenged and. Chats are always moderated, which prevents users from sending offensive material to the channel. In 2006, the , , made the news when he allegedly broke up with his girlfriend with a text message. It is about an executive who travels through Europe and India. The found in May 2010 that 72% of U. The reasons for lower uptake than other countries are varied. The integration between competing providers and technologies necessary for cross-network text messaging was not initially available. Some providers originally charged extra for texting, reducing its appeal. Many providers offer unlimited plans, which can result in a lower rate per text, given sufficient volume. Japanese adolescents first began text messaging, because it was a cheaper form of communication than the other available forms. Thus, Japanese theorists created the selective interpersonal relationship theory, claiming that mobile phones can change social networks among young people classified as 13- to 30-year-olds. They theorized this age group had extensive but low-quality relationships with friends, and mobile-phone usage may facilitate improvement in the quality of their relationships. This indicates participants make new relationships with face-to-face communication at an early stage, but use text messaging to increase their contact later on. It is also interesting to note that as the relationships between participants grew more intimate, the frequency of text messaging also increased. However, short messaging has been largely rendered obsolete by the prevalence of mobile Internet e-mail, which can be sent to and received from any e-mail address, mobile or otherwise. China Text messaging is popular and cheap in China. About 700 billion messages were sent in 2007. Text message spam is also a problem in China. It is routine that the People's Republic of China government monitor text messages across the country for illegal content. These manuals are published as cheap, handy, smaller-than-pocket-size booklets that offer diverse linguistic phrases to utilize as messages. The service was initially free with subscriptions, but Filipinos quickly exploited the feature to communicate for free instead of using voice calls, which they would be charged for. Filipinos used texting not only for social messages but also for political purposes, as it allowed the Filipinos to express their opinions on current events and political issues. It became a powerful tool for Filipinos in promoting or denouncing issues and was a key factor during the 2001 revolution, which overthrew then-President , who was eventually found guilty of corruption. According to 2009 statistics, there are about 72 million mobile-service subscriptions roughly 80% of the Filipino population , with around 1. New Zealand There are three mobile network companies in New Zealand. In 2005, around 85% of the adult population had a mobile phone. In general, texting is more popular than making phone calls, as it is viewed as less intrusive and therefore more polite. Africa Text messaging will become a key revenue driver for mobile network operators in Africa over the next couple of years. Today, text messaging is already slowly gaining influence in the African market. Also, in September 2009, a multi-country campaign in Africa used text messaging to expose stock-outs of essential medicines at public health facilities and put pressure on governments to address the issue. The advent of text messaging made possible new forms of interaction that were not possible before. A person may now carry out a conversation with another user without the constraint of being expected to reply within a short amount of time and without needing to set time aside to engage in conversation. With voice calling, both participants need to be free at the same time. Mobile phone users can maintain communication during situations in which a voice call is impractical, impossible, or unacceptable, such as during a school class or work meeting. Research has also proven that text messaging is somehow making the social distances larger and could be ruining verbal communication skills for many people. To avoid the even more limited message lengths allowed when using or letters, speakers of languages written in those alphabets often use the for their own. Historically, this language developed out of shorthand used in and later in Internet , where users would abbreviate some words to allow a response to be typed more quickly, though the amount of time saved was often inconsequential. In , numbers that sound similar to words are used in place of those words. This makes abbreviations not only less necessary, but slower to type than regular words that are in the software's. However, it makes the messages longer, often requiring the text message to be sent in multiple parts and, therefore, costing more to send. The use of text messaging has changed the way that people talk and write essays, some believing it to be harmful. Children today are receiving cell phones at an age as young as eight years old; more than 35 percent of children in second and third grade have their own mobile phone. Because of this, the texting language is integrated into the way that students think from an earlier age than ever before. In November 2006, New Zealand Qualifications Authority approved the move that allowed students of secondary schools to use mobile phone text language in the end-of-the-year-exam papers. Highly publicized reports, beginning in 2002, of the use of text language in school assignments caused some to become concerned that the quality of written communication is on the decline, and other reports claim that teachers and professors are beginning to have a hard time controlling the problem. However, the notion that text language is widespread or harmful is refuted by research from linguistic experts. An article in explores how text messaging has some of the world's languages. The use of marks is dropped in languages such as French, as well as symbols in. The use of pictograms and logograms in texts are present in every language. They shorten words by using symbols to represent the word or symbols whose name sounds like a syllable of the word such as in 2day or b4. This is commonly used in other languages as well. There is also the use of numeral sequences, substituting for several syllables of a word and creating whole phrases using numerals. An example of using symbols in texting and borrowing from English is the use of. Whenever it is used in texting, its intended use is with the English pronunciation. In character-based languages such as Chinese and Japanese, numbers are assigned syllables based on the shortened form of the pronunciation of the number, sometimes the English pronunciation of the number. American is also recognized in shorthand. Crystal also suggests that texting has led to more creativity in the English language, giving people opportunities to create their own slang, , abbreviations, acronyms, etc. The feeling of individualism and freedom makes texting more popular and a more efficient way to communicate. It originally began as a messaging system that would send out emergency information. But it gained immediate popularity with the public. Work by has shown that texting has a gendered dimension and it plays into the development of teen identity. In addition we text to a very small number of other persons. For most people, half of their texts go to 3 — 5 other people. Research by Rosen et al. However, the exact opposite was true for informal writing. Due to text messaging, teens are writing more, and some teachers see that this comfort with language can be harnessed to make better writers. This new form of communication may be encouraging students to put their thoughts and feelings into words and this may be able to be used as a bridge, to get them more interested in formal writing. The thesis suggests that more exposure to the colloquial, language of text messaging contributes to being less accepting of words. In contrast, Lee found that students with more exposure to traditional print media such as books and magazines were more accepting of both real and fictitious words. The thesis, which garnered international media attention, also presents a of on the effects of text messaging on language. Texting has also been shown to have had no effect or some positive effects on. In 2006, conducted a survey with more than 900 teens from over 26 high schools nationwide. A study by found that 46% of teens admitted to being distracted behind the wheel due to texting. One example of distraction behind the wheel is the , which killed 25 passengers. The engineer had sent 45 text messages while operating the train. The experiment found that texting while driving was more dangerous than being drunk. While being legally drunk added four feet to Alterman's stopping distance while going 70 mph, reading an e-mail on a phone added 36 feet, and sending a text message added 70 feet. In 2009, the Transportation Institute released the results of an 18-month study that involved placing cameras inside the cabs of more than 100 long-haul trucks, which recorded the drivers over a combined driving distance of three million miles. The study concluded that when the drivers were texting, their risk of crashing was 23 times greater than when not texting. First coined reference in 2015 in New York from Rentrak's chief client officer when discussing time spent with media and various media usage metrics. Text messaging among pedestrians leads to increased cognitive distraction and reduced situation awareness, and may lead to increases in unsafe behavior leading to injury and death. Recent studies conducted on cell phone use while walking showed that cell phone users recall fewer objects when conversing, walk slower, have altered gait and are more unsafe when crossing a street. Additionally, some gait analyses showed that stance phase during overstepping motion, longitudinal and lateral deviation increased during cell phone operation but step length and clearance did not; a different analysis did find increased step clearance and reduced step length. It is unclear which processes may be affected by distraction, which types of distraction may affect which cognitive processes, and how individual differences may affect the influence of distraction. Lamberg and Muratori believe that engaging in a dual-task, such as texting while walking, may interfere with working memory and result in walking errors. Their study demonstrated that participants engaged in text messaging were unable to maintain walking speed or retain accurate spatial information, suggesting an inability to adequately divide their attention between two tasks. According to them, the addition of texting while walking with vision occluded increases the demands placed on the working memory system resulting in gait disruptions. Texting on a phone distracts participants, even when the texting task used is a relatively simple one. This finding was supported by Licence et al. For example, texting pedestrians may fail to notice unusual events in their environment, such as a unicycling clown. These findings suggest that tasks that require the allocation of cognitive resources can affect visual attention even when the task itself does not require the participants to avert their eyes from their environment. The act of texting itself seems to impair pedestrians' visual awareness. It appears that the distraction produced by texting is a combination of both a cognitive and visual perceptual distraction. A study conducted by Licence et al. A genre of texting, it contains either text, images, or video that is intended to be sexually arousing. Although sexting often takes place consensually between two people, it can also occur against the wishes of a person who is the subject of the content. A number of instances have been reported in which the recipients of sexting have shared the content of the messages with others, with less intimate intentions, such as to impress their friends or embarrass their sender. Celebrities such as , , and have been victims of such abuses of sexting. A 2008 survey by The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy and CosmoGirl. One in five teen girls surveyed 22 percent —and 11 percent of teen girls aged 13—16 years old—say they have electronically sent, or posted online, nude or semi-nude images of themselves. One-third 33 percent of teen boys and one-quarter 25 percent of teen girls say they were shown private nude or semi-nude images. According to the survey, sexually suggestive messages text, e-mail, and instant messaging were even more common than images, with 39 percent of teens having sent or posted such messages, and half of teens 50 percent having received them. A 2012 study that has received wide international media attention was conducted at the Department of Psychology by Donald S. Strassberg, Ryan Kelly McKinnon, Michael Sustaíta and Jordan Rullo. They surveyed 606 teenagers ages 14—18 and found that nearly 20 percent of the students said they had sent a sexually explicit image of themselves via cell phone, and nearly twice as many said that they had received a sexually explicit picture. Of those receiving such a picture, over 25 percent indicated that they had forwarded it to others. In addition, of those who had sent a sexually explicit picture, over a third had done so despite believing that there could be serious legal and other consequences if they got caught. Students who had sent a picture by cell phone were more likely than others to find the activity acceptable. In schools Two girls text during class at school Text messaging has affected students academically by creating an easier way to cheat on exams. In December 2002, a dozen students were caught cheating on an accounting exam through the use of text messages on their mobile phones. In December 2002, Hitotsubashi University in Japan failed 26 students for receiving e-mailed exam answers on their mobile phones. The number of students caught using mobile phones to cheat on exams has increased significantly in recent years. According to Okada 2005 , most Japanese mobile phones can send and receive long text messages of between 250 and 3000 characters with graphics, video, audio, and Web links. In England, 287 school and college students were excluded from exams in 2004 for using mobile phones during exams. Some teachers and professors claim that advanced texting features can lead to students cheating on exams. Students in high school and college classrooms are using their mobile phones to send and receive texts during lectures at high rates. Further, published research has established that students who text during college lectures have impaired memories of the lecture material compared to students who do not. For example, in one study, the number of irrelevant text messages sent and received during a lecture covering the topic of developmental psychology was related to students' memory of the lecture. Bullying Main article: Spreading rumors and gossip by text message, using text messages to individuals, or forwarding texts that contain defamatory content is an issue of great concern for parents and schools. In some cases, individuals who are bullied online have committed suicide. Influence on perceptions of the student When a student sends an email that contains phonetic abbreviations and acronyms that are common in text messaging e. In a study by Lewandowski and Harrington 2006 , participants read a student's email sent to a professor that either contained text-messaging abbreviations gr8, How R U? Students who used abbreviations in their email were perceived as having a less favorable personality and as putting forth less effort on an essay they submitted along with the email. Specifically, abbreviation users were seen as less intelligent, responsible, motivated, studious, dependable, and hard-working. These findings suggest that the nature of a student's email communication can influence how others perceive the student and their work. Law and crime Text messaging has been a subject of interest for police forces around the world. One of the issues of concern to agencies is the use of text messages. Police have also retrieved deleted text messages to aid them in solving crimes. For example, Swedish police retrieved deleted texts from a cult member who claimed she committed a double murder based on forwarded texts she received. The service has been expanding to other cities. Boston police are now turning to text messaging to help stop crime. The Boston Police Department asks citizens to send texts to make anonymous crime tips. Under some interpretations of , husbands can divorce their wives by the pronouncement of. The ruled in 2017 that under the state constitution, police require a before obtaining access to text messages without consent. Social unrest Texting has been used on a number of occasions with the result of the gathering of large aggressive crowds. Not only were text messages circulating in the Sydney area, but in other states as well Daily Telegraph. The volume of such text messages and e-mails also increased in the wake of the riot. The crowd of 5000 at stages became violent, attacking certain ethnic groups. In Hong Kong, government officials find that text messaging helps socially because they can send multiple texts to the community. Officials say it is an easy way of contacting community or individuals for meetings or events. Texting was used to coordinate gatherings during the. Between 2009 and 2012 the U. The service was funded by the through its , who utiliized contractors and front companies in the Cayman Islands, Spain and Ireland. At its peak ZunZuneo had 40,000 Cuban users, but the service closed as financially unsustainable when U. In politics A recruitment ban in French : «Slt koi29 on é jamé 2tro s batre pour la P. On n'est jamais de trop à se battre pour la Paix! American campaigns find that text messaging is a much easier, cheaper way of getting to the voters than the door-to-door approach. Mexico's president-elect Felipe Calderón launched millions of text messages in the days immediately preceding his narrow win over Andres Manuel Lopez Obradór. In January 2001, Joseph Estrada was forced to resign from the post of president of the Philippines. A massive texting campaign was credited with boosting youth turnout in Spain's 2004 parliamentary elections. In 2008, Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick and his Chief of Staff at the time became entangled in a sex scandal stemming from the exchange of over 14,000 text messages that eventually led to his forced resignation, conviction of perjury, and other charges. Text messaging has been used to turn down other political leaders. In the last day before the 2004 presidential elections in Romania, a message against was largely circulated, thus breaking the laws that prohibited campaigning that day. Text messaging has helped politics by promoting campaigns. On 20 January 2001, President of the Philippines became the first head of state in history to lose power to a. More than one million Manila residents assembled at the site of the 1986 peaceful demonstrations that has toppled the Marcos regime. These people have organized themselves and coordinated their actions through text messaging. They were able to bring down a government without having to use any weapons or violence. Through text messaging, their plans and ideas were communicated to others and successfully implemented. Also, this move encouraged the military to withdraw their support from the regime, and as a result, the Estrada government fell. People were able to converge and unite with the use of their cell phones. A risk is that these physicians could be violating the. Where messages could be saved to a phone indefinitely, patient information could be subject to theft or loss, and could be seen by other unauthorized persons. An inflammation of the tendons in the thumb caused by constant text-messaging is also called text-messager's thumb, or texting. Texting has also been linked as a secondary source in numerous traffic collisions, in which police investigations of mobile phone records have found that many drivers have lost control of their cars while attempting to send or retrieve a text message. Increasing cases of Internet are now also being linked to text messaging, as mobile phones are now more likely to have e-mail and Web capabilities to complement the ability to text. Etiquette Texting etiquette refers to what is considered appropriate texting behavior. No one wants to have an entire conversation with you by texting when you could just call him or her instead. Typing a text message in all capital letters will appear as though you are shouting at the recipient, and should be avoided. For example, expectations for appropriate behavior have been found to differ markedly between the U. Another example is generational differences. In The M-Factor: How the Millennial Generation Is Rocking the Workplace, Lynne Lancaster and David Stillman note that younger Americans often do not consider it rude to answer their cell or begin texting in the middle of a face-to-face conversation with someone else, while older people, less used to the behavior and the accompanying lack of eye contact or attention, find this to be disruptive and ill-mannered. The same study found that 33% of knowledge workers felt text messaging was critical or very important to success and productivity at work. Similar concerns were reported by PhonepayPlus, a in the United Kingdom, in 2012. Pricing concerns Concerns have been voiced over the excessive cost of off-plan text messaging in the United States. With service providers gaining more customers and expanding their capacity, their overhead costs should be decreasing, not increasing. In 2005, text messaging generated nearly 70 billion dollars in revenue, as reported by Gartner, industry analysts, three times as much as Hollywood box office sales in 2005. World figures showed that over a trillion text messages were sent in 2005. Although major cellphone providers deny any collusion, fees for out-of-package text messages have increased, doubling from 10 to 20 cents in the United States between 2007 and 2008 alone. On 16 July 2009, Senate hearings were held to look into any breach of the. The same trend is visible in other countries, though increasingly widespread flatrate plans, for example in Germany, do make text messaging easier, text messages sent abroad still result in higher costs. These services are much cheaper and offer more functionality like exchanging of multimedia content e. Especially in western countries some of these services attract more and more users. To address this issue, many companies use an provider based on connectivity to route the messages. This approach reduces the number of mobile operators that handle the message; however, it should not be considered as an end-to-end secure communication, as the content of the message is exposed to the provider. By using key rotation, the encrypted text messages stored under laws at the network operator cannot be decrypted even if one of the devices is compromised. A problem with this approach is that communicating devices needs to run compatible software. Failure rates without backward notification can be high between carriers. Differences in the used for coding can cause a text message sent from one country to another to become unreadable. Records and competition The has a world record for text messaging, currently held by Sonja Kristiansen of Norway. Kristiansen keyed in the official text message, as established by Guinness, in 37. In reality, they seldom attack a human. The Book of Alternative Records lists Chris Young of , as the world-record holder for the fastest 160-character text message where the contents of the message are not provided ahead of time. Elliot Nicholls of Dunedin, New Zealand, currently holds the world record for the fastest blindfolded text messaging. A record of a 160-letter text in 45 seconds while blindfolded was set on 17 November 2007, beating the old record of 1-minute 26 seconds set by an Italian in September 2006. Ohio native Andrew Acklin is credited with the world record for most text messages sent or received in a single month, with 200,052. His accomplishments were first in the World Records Academy and later followed up by Ripley's Believe It Or Not 2010: Seeing Is Believing. He has been acknowledged by The Universal Records Database for the most text messages in a single month; however, this has since been broken twice and as of 2010 was listed as 566607 messages by Fred Lindgren. In January 2010, sponsored an international competition, the , to determine the fastest pair of texters. The winners were a team from South Korea, Ha Mok-min and Bae Yeong-ho. As of 2011, best time listed on Game Center for that paragraph is 34. Several mobile phones have Morse code ring tones and alert messages. There are third-party applications available for some mobile phones that allow Morse input for short messages. These programs have been praised by patrons and security personnel as more effective than traditional methods. For instance, the patron doesn't need to leave his seat and miss the event in order to report something important. Also, disruptive fans can be reported with relative anonymity. For instance, a single complaint in one section about an unruly fan can be addressed when convenient, while multiple complaints by several different patrons can be acted upon immediately. Employers can also use the service to monitor their corporate vehicles. The technology is still new and currently only available on a few car models. With the use of , stored maps, and information, the onboard computer can determine if the driver is exceeding the current speed limit. Not only can this keep children close to home and keep employees from using corporate vehicles inappropriately, but it can also be a crucial tool for quickly identifying stolen vehicles, car jackings, and kidnappings. How Mobile Technology is Changing Our Culture. Just over fifty years ago, in October 1933, the Deutsche Reichspost as it was then known, opened the world's first public teleprinter network. Almost every time, the messages amount to fewer than 160 characters — what would become the limit of early text messages — and thus the concept for the perfect-length, rapid-fire 'short message' was born. Short Message Service, the Creation of Personal Global Text Messaging. The Cell Phone Reader: Essays in Social Transformation. Business Wire 23 August 2010. More than 85% of young New Zealand adults now have a mobile phone statistics by ethnicity are not available , and text messaging among this age group has rapidly developed into a new communications medium. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Journal of Children and Media. British Journal of Developmental Psychology. Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche: 331—340. International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Prevention Information Network. Youth culture and shaping of Japanese mobile media: personalization and the keitainInternet as multimedia, in M. London: Duke University Press, p. Current Research in Social Psychology. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. The book of alternative records.